Radiology Tutor
Cervical cancer TNM staging (UICC/AJCC 7th edition)
Currently in beta testing stage. Manual verification of results is required.
T1 tumours can be either visible only on microscopy or clinically visible. T1a tumours are only visible by microscopy and correspond to stromal invasion ≤ 3 mm (T1a1) or > 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (T1a2). Where the horizontal spread of the tumour is more than 7 mm or the stromal invasion is deeper than 5 mm, the tumour is T1b. Clinically visible lesions are either T1b1 or T1b2 depending on whether the lesion is ≤ 4 cm (T1b1) or > 4 cm (T1b2).
T2 tumours extend beyond the uterus (e.g. the upper 2/3 of the vagina) and there are two subdivisions of T2a based on a size cut off of 4 cm (≤ 4 cm = T2a1 and > 4 cm = T2a2). T2b is not subdivided and occurs with parametrial invasion.
T3 tumours are subdivided into T3a (involving the lower 1/3 of the vagina) and T3b (involving the pelvic wall or lower ureter to cause hydronephrosis/non-functioning kidney).
T4 tumours involve bladder or bowel mucosa or extend beyond the pelvis.
The regional lymph nodes of cervix are defined in the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual(1) as:
The UICC(2) give an optional subclassification of nodal disease where N1a is 1-2 involved regional nodes inferior to the common iliac nodes, N1b is ≥ 3 involved regional nodes inferior to the common iliac nodes, and N1c is involvement of a common iliac node(s).
Also, an optional subclassification of metastatic disease is given where M1a is involvement of sub-diaphragmatic para-aortic lymph nodes with M1b representing the remainder.
FIGO staging
For N0 disease the FIGO staging corresponds to the T staging up to T3b. N1 disease gives a FIGO stage of IIIB. A T4 tumour gives stage IVA disease and metastases give IVB disease.
References
- AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. (Springer, 2011).
- C. Wittekind, TNM Supplement: A Commentary on Uniform Use, 4th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.